Anna Anderson Exposed

Books used or quoted

Primary sources

V.V. Aleskeyev, The Last Act of a Tragedy, Yekaterinburg, 1996. ISBN 5-7691-0394-9; 5-7691-0597-6.

Sophie Buxhoevedon, Left Behind, 1928

William Clarke, "Lost Fortune of the Tsars", St. Martin's Griffin, 1996 ISBN-13: 978-0312146726

Pierre Gilliard, Le Fausse Anastasie,  English translation by Tim Welch

Klier, John; Helen Mingay. The Quest for Anastasia: Solving the Mystery of the Lost Romanovs. Citadel.

Kurth, Peter  Anastasia: The Riddle of Anna Anderson. Back Bay. ISBN 0-316-50717-2.

Massie, Robert K. The Romanovs: The Final Chapter. Secaucus, NJ: Carol. ISBN 0-8065-2064-7.

Massie, Robert K.  Nicholas and Alexandra. London: Pan Books. ISBN 0 330 02213 X.

Andrei Maylumas and Sergei Mironenko Nicholas and Alexandra: A Lifelong Passion, Doubleday

Vorres, Ian  The Last Grand Duchess. Key Porter Books. ISBN 13 978-1552633021.

Anna Vyrubova, Memories of the Russian Court, 1923

Frances Welch, "A Romanov Fantasy: Life at the Court of Anna Anderson" Norton Publishing, 2007

Robert Wilton, The Last Days of the Romanovs, 1920

Books- secondary sources

Victor Alexandrov, "The End of the Romanovs", 1966, Little & Brown

Dominique Auclère, Anastasia Qui Etes-Vous?

Raegan Baker, "1913 Diary of Olga Nikolaievna" Gilbert's Royal Books

Sophie Buxhoeveden, "Life and Tragedy of Alexandra Feodorovna"

Prince Christopher of Greece: Memoirs, 1938

Lili Dehn, "The Real Tsaritsa", 1922

Pierre Gilliard, "Thirteen Years at the Russian Court", 1921

Coryne Hall, (1999). Little Mother of Russia - A Biography of Empress Marie Feodorovna. London: Shepheard-Walwyn (Publishers) Ltd.

B. Himmelstjerna, Im Angesicht der Revolution, 1922,  publisher Steeler

Lovell, James Blair Anastasia: The Lost Princess. Robson. ISBN 0-86051-807-8.

Eduard Radzinsky, The Rasputin File

Guy Richards, The Hunt for the Czar, 1970

Mark D. Steinberg and Vladimir M.Khrustalev, "The Fall of the Romanovs",  Yale University Press,1995

Summers and Mangold, The File on the Tsar. 1976

John Van Der Kiste,  Once A Grand Duchess: Xenia, Sister of Nicholas II. Phoenix Mill: Sutton Publishing.

Volkov, Alexei, Memoirs of Alexei Volkov

Prince Felix Yussoupov, Lost Splendor, 1953 Putnum's Sons, 2003 Helen Mark Books, Turtle Point Press

Phillip Zeigler, "Mountbatten"

Other resources used or quoted

http://alexanderpalace.org

http://www.serfes.org/royal/annaanderson.htm

http://www.serfes.org/royal/rememberingAnnaAndersonii.htm

http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/kapp_putsch.htm

http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/weimar_republic_problems.htm

http://www.whoiswho.ru/russian/Password/papers/5r/den/st1.htm 

http://www.kalagate.co.uk/staffgeoff.htm

Botkine & Partners, Family history,  http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=fr&u=http://www.botkine.com/FAMILLE/HISTOIRE/index.php%3Ft1%3DHistoire%26t2%3D%26r%3DTEXTES/gleb.php&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=7&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3D%2522Grandanor%2Bcorporation%2522%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/dna/photos/eye/text_06.html

http://soc.world-journal.net/PrinceFriedrich.html

http://www.anusha.com/forkunio.htm

http://anomalyinfo.com/articles/sa00021b.php?page=MYST

http://www.readthehook.com/stories/2009/03/19/ESSAY-AnasstasiaManahan-A.aspx

http://www.readthehook.com/stories/2007/07/05/COVER-jackManahan-I.rtf.aspx

http://www.dnai.org/bioserver/clustalw_anna_and_carl.html

http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0004838

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/listseason/22.html#2209
Anastasia: Dead or Alive?
Shortly after midnight on 17 July 19l8, at a house in the town of Ekaterinburg in the Ural mountains, Bolshevik guards awakened the deposed Tsar Nicholas II together with his family and forced them into the basement, where they were shot and clubbed to death. NOVA follows forensic tests of skeletons discovered in Ekaterinburg in 1979 that are alleged to be the remains of the Russian royals, and explores the intriguing claim that Anna Anderson of Charlottesville, Virginia, was really the long lost Anastasia
Original broadcast date: 10/10/95

a personal letter of Olga Alexandrovna, February, 15th 1928, Hvidore

..and a little help from some friends, their help in research, their informative message board posts. (you know who you are!)

Special thanks and appreciation are extended to Dr. Michael Coble and Dr. Terry Melton for their personal correspondence on the subject of the DNA tests, and to Tim Welsh for his English translation of Pierre Gilliard's book "La Fausse Anastasie."

Other websites and articles that have been used are listed in the notes section under their corresponding number. Sources for news stories and articles concerning DNA testings and the discovery and examination of the bones will be listed in the writeup of those subjects and usually do not need notes. Most of the news stories contain the original source links and/or author's names, as well as dates, posted along with the information itself as credit. In situations where this is the case, the sources speak for themselves, and will not be listed in a notes section.

Please continue on below for notes and documentation on each written section. This is a new feature here and has taken me much time and effort to compile, but I felt it necessary to add due to criticism I had received in the past. I always had the sources, but had not recorded them as I was originally writing, so I had to go back and look them all up again. Though I had already written most of this information before I ever saw Frances Welch's book, "A Romanov Fantasy",  it has provided me with a published source for things I had 'known' or 'remembered' or 'heard somewhere' but had no backup for- now I do. With the addition of these notes and documentation, the site is now validated, and can be used as a source  for educational purposes.

1. Robert K. Massie, "The Romanovs: The Final Chapter" p.163
2. # ^ Identification of the remains of the Romanov family by DNA analysis by Peter Gill, Central Research and Support Establishment, Forensic Science Service, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire, RG7 4PN, UK, Pavel L. Ivanov, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117984, Moscow, Russia, Colin Kimpton, Romelle Piercy, Nicola Benson, Gillian Tully, Ian Evett, Kevin Sullivan, Forensic Science Service, Priory House, Gooch Street North, Birmingham B5 6QQ, UK, Erika Hagelberg, University of Cambridge, Department of Biological Anthropology, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, UK - http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/v6/n2/abs/ng0294-130.html
3. http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/hyperinflation_weimar_germany.htm
4. Massie, "Final Chapter". p. 295
5. ^ ibid., p. 249
6. PeterKurth.com, "Notes on Franziska Schanzkowska"
7-8 http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/kapp_putsch.htm

The Kapp Putsch took place in Weimar Germany in March 1920. Wolfgang Kapp was a right-wing journalist who opposed all that he believed Friedrich Ebert stood for especially after what he believed was the humiliation of the Treaty of Versailles.

The Kapp Putsch was a direct threat to Weimar’s new government. Kapp was assisted by General Luttwitz who lead a group of Freikorps men. On March 13th, 1920, Luttwitz seized Berlin and proclaimed that a new right of centre nationalist government was being established with Kapp as chancellor.

Ebert had no immediate response to this in the sense that he could not impose his will on the situation. For the second time, he had to leave his capital – once again undermining his status and to some emphasising his weak position within Germany. The government reconvened in Dresden and the only card Ebert could play was to call for a general strike to paralyse the movement of those who supported Kapp and Luttwitz.

Kapp received support from one of Germany’s foremost military officers – General Erich Luderndorff. But the main officer corps of the German Army failed to follow Luderndorff’s lead. It is possible that they felt some form of support for a president who had given them a free hand in dealing with the Communists/Spartacists in 1919. Certainly, Ebert could not have been seen as being anti-military. However, the military did nothing to stop the putsch and give active support to Ebert. The general strike called for by Ebert ensured that those who supported Kapp could not move around and such paralysis doomed the putsch to failure. Kapp and Luttwitz fled Berlin on March 17th.

The five days of the Kapp Putsch are of importance as they showed that:
The government could not enforce its authority even in its own capital The government could not put down a challenge to its authority Only the mass power of a general strike could re-establish Ebert’s authority.

9.http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/weimar_republic_problems.htm

In March 1920, the Free Corps took over Berlin. Ebert and the government had to leave the city. The Free Corps were lead by Wolfgang Kapp - a right wing nationalist who hated the government for signing the  Versailles Treaty. This incident is called the Kapp Putsch. A putsch is an attempt to take over a country by the use of force. The Free Corps was joined by the Berlin police. The putsch failed because the workers of Berlin, who were not sympathetic to the Free Corps, went on general strike and paralysed the city. There were no buses, trams, trains and fuel supplies were ended. Kapp held Berlin for just 100 hours before he fled to Sweden. The putsch failed miserably. But once again, it was not the government that restored order. The government's power was being maintained by others.

Also in March 1920, the workers of the Ruhr - Germany's wealthiest industrial region - formed a Red Army of 50,000 men. The Germany Army managed to defeat this threat to start with, but it was only finally put down by the Free Corps who shot over 2000 workers. Many people in Germany were scared of the communists. By now, the world knew about the brutal murders of the Romanov family in Russia at the hands of Russian communists.
10. http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/kapp_putsch.htm
11. http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/weimar_republic_problems.htm
12. Encyclopedia of Murder by Wilson and Pitman, p. 243-244
"GROSSMANN, Georg Karl"
"German mass-murderer, born in Neurueppin in 1863, who, like Denke, commited sudice before his execution."
"The case has many resemblances to the Denke murders.  In August 1921 the owner of a top-storey flat in Berlin near the Silesian railway terminus heard sounds of a sstruggle coming from the kitchen and called police. They found on Grossmann's kitchen bed (camp bed) the trussed-up carcass of a recently killed girl.....  He picked up girls with great regularity (in fact, he seldom spent a night alone).  He killed many of these sleeping partners and sold the bodies for meat, disposing the unsaleable parts in the river.  (The case becme known as the Die Braut auf der Stulle-- 'the bread and butter brides', since a companion for the night is known as a 'bride' in Germany.) At the time of his arrest, evidence was found which indicated that three women had been killed and dismembered in the past three weeks."
"...It is of interest that Grossmann was indirectly invovled in the famous 'Anastasia case....  At one point it was annouced that "Anastasia" was really an imposter named Franziska Schamzkovski, a Polish girl from Buetow in Pomerania.  Franziska's family were told their daughter had been murder by Grossmann on 13 August 1920; an entry in his diary on that date bore the name "Sasnovski".... "
"...The number of his victims will never be known, but they may well have exceeded Haarmann's total of fifty, since he was 'in business' throughout the war until 1921...."
13. Massie, "Final Chapter", p. 177-180
14. Clarke, William, "The Lost Fortune of the Tsars", p.134

1 E.P.Wijnants research, socio-world journal website, http://soc.world-journal.net/PrinceFriedrich.htm, retrieved July 2007, now archived at http://web.archive.org/web/20080211172320/http://soc.world-journal.net/PrinceFriedrich.html retrieved July 2009
2. Welch, Frances, "A Romanov Fantasy: Life at the Court of Anna Anderson", p.102
3  ^ibid, p. 104
(It should be noted that Zina Tolstoy was of no relation to the famous writer, Leo Tolstoy)
4. Anna Vyrubova, Memories of the Russian Court, chapter VI, "Tatiana..was a different type from the others even in appearance, her hair being a rich brown and her eyes so darkly gray that in the evening they seemed quite black."
5. Kurth, Peter, "Riddle of Anna Anderson" p.25
6. Gilliard, Pierre, "La Fausse Anastasie", English translation by Tim Welsh
7. ^ibid.
8. Peter Kurth
9. Klier and Mingay, "Quest for Anastasia", p.94

1. Raegan Baker, "1913 Diary of Olga Nikolaievna"
1a. Massie p.164
2. Klier and Mingay, 95-96
2a. Welch p.110-111  Clara and Captain Schwabe claimed to see this person, the mysterious "Sergei Tchiakovsky" at Clara's flat.. Anna Anderson claimed he had 'destroyed the evidence.' Schwab eventually denounced the claimant he once supported, and did a lecture tour declaring her as a fraud.
2b. Kurth p.45-46  
3. This version was mentioned in Anderson's ghostwritten autobiography, "I Anastasia". Gleb Botkin was said to be the first to try to use the excuse of the Polish Mishkevich brothers, whose names were found on a list of those who'd worked at the Ipatiev house, changing their names to "Tchiakovsky" to fit into Anderson's story
4. The 1961 French book, "The Enigme Anastasia", by Alain Decaux
5. Contrary to claims by modern writings, there is no truth to the rumor the Grand Duchesses were assaulted, much less raped, on board the Rus. While Volkov's memoirs are cited as a reference, the fact is, he stated they were left in peace:
Rodianov shut up the Tsarevich in his cabin with the attendant Nagorny, leaving the grand duchesses in peace.
http://www.alexanderpalace.org/volkov/19.html
Memoirs of Gilliard and Buxhoeveden, also present, mention nothing of any 'screams' or attacks in the night, nor do the diaries of any of the Imperial family.
6 Gilliard-The date of Dec. 5, 1918, was the first documented birthdate for the alleged child. In 'A Romanov Fantasy", Frances Welch puts the date as Dec. 1, 1918, (page 110). It is uncertain if Anderson or von Kleist first invented this date, nor if they were aware of the implications considering the gestation of a full term or even viable infant!  This brings in implications of sexual relations and/or abuse by the Bolsheviks, since no baby conceived after the July execution date could have survived if born in December. The date was later changed to the fall of 1919 by Harriet Rathlef-Keilmann in her book, probably due to some protest by Russian emigres' who objected to a "Grand Duchess" having an out of wedlock baby. Apparently, after taking up with Rathlef and changing the date, she called von Kleists' date a 'lie.' (Rathlef notes) In his writings, Gleb Botkin attempted to make excuses for her fluctuating dates, claiming she got things wrong 'when annoyed.'(Analysis of the False Anastasia, Botkin)
7. Baron von Kleists' signed statement as published in Gilliard's book "La Fausse Anastasie"
8. Kurth, "Riddle of Anna Anderson" p.34-35
9. Welch  p.89
10. Kurth p. 38  In this version, she is allegedly ashamed at having an illegitimate grandson of the Tsar
11. Gilliard, Pierre, "La Fausse Anastasie", once again, von Kliests' version of the story was changed later by Harriet Rathlef to the one more popular today. Rathlef's notes were heavily used by Kurth in his writings.
12.  Lovell, James Blair, "Lost Princess", p.84
13. Massie, "Final Chapter", p.165
14. Kurth p.34
15. Letter from Clara Peuthert to Princess Irene, published in "La Fausse Anastasie" (English translation by and courtesy of Tim Welch)
16. ^ ibid.
17. Welch p. 98
18. Gilliard,  Pierre, "La Fausse Anastasie"
19. Vorres, Ian, "The Last Grand Duchess" p.177
20. Summers and Mangold,. "The File on the Tsar", p.239
21. http://www.readthehook.com/stories/2007/07/05/COVER-jackManahan-I.rtf.aspx/
22. William Clarke, "Lost Fortune of the Tsars",  p.133

NOTES

1.  Ian Vorres, "The Last Grand Duchess", pp. 244-245
2.  Peter Ermakov  quoted in "FILE ON THE TSAR"  by Mangold and Summers, p. 169  Ermakov, sometimes written as Yermakov, was a major player in the executions and the disposal of the bodies.
3.  Sukhorukov, quoted in "Last Act of A Tragedy" by V. V. Alexeev,  p. 144  GI Suhorukov, Cheka agent who took part in disposal of the remains. Memoir dated April 3, 1928.
4.  Piotr Voikov, quoted  in "The End of the Romanovs" by Viktor Alexandrov, Page 232
Piotr Voikov was commissar for supplies in the Ural Soviet and later soviet ambassador in Poland where he was shot by a Russian monarchist,Boris Koverda in 1927. He wrote a tale of the execution and maintained he was present at the execution of the family.
5. Gilliard, Pierre, "Thirteen Years at the Russian Court", Chapter XXII, The Investigation. Gilliard stayed on after the White Army took Ekaterinburg to help with the investigations into the murders. He was involved with those who knew and found out this information.  
Avdiev was under the immediate control of the other commissaries, members of the Presidium and Tckrezvytckaika**, who soon knew they had to make personnel changes.

**The Tckrezvytchaika. The popular title of the "Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution and Speculation," with its centre at Moscow and branches throughout Russia. This is a formidable organisation which is the very foundation of the Soviet regime. Each section receives its orders direct from Moscow and carries them out through its own resources. Every tchrezvytchaika of any importance commands the services of a band of nondescript agents, generally Austro-German prisoners of war, Letts, Chinese, etc., who are in reality nothing more than highly-paid executioners. In Ekaterinburg the Tchrezvytckaika was all-powerful. Its most influential members were Commissaries Yurovsky, Golochtchokin, etc.
6. ^ibid. Telegram sent July 4 from Ekaterinburg by Bieloborodov to Sverdlov and Golochtchokin (who was then at Moscow):
"Syromolotov just left for Moscow to organise according to instructions from centre. Anxiety unnecessary. Useless to worry. Avdiev revoked. Mochkin arrested. Avdiev replaced by Yurovsky. Inside guard changed, replaced by others."
7. ^ibid. On this day (July 4) Avdiev and his adjutant Mochkin were arrested and replaced by Commissary Yurovsky, and his subordinate Nikulin. The guard formed - as has already been mentioned exclusively of Russian workmen, was transferred to a neighboring house, that of Popov. Yurovsky brought with him ten men - nearly all Austro-German prisoners of war - "selected" from among the executioners of the Tchrezvylchaika**. Henceforward these formed the inside guard, the outside sentries being still furnished by the Russian guard. The "house destined for a special purpose" had become a branch of the Tchrezvylchaika.
According to Gilliard, this telegram proves the order to kill the family came directly from Moscow and not from the Ural Soviet.
8. Diary of Alexandra Feodorovna, July 4, 1918 
"A new Commandant [Yurovsky]. All the inner sentries are gone. (Probably one has discovered that they have taken all our things out of the loft) - the Commandant and his young assistant made us show all our jewels we had on and the younger one noted all down and then they were taken from us. Why? For how long? Where?-I do not know-they left me only two bracelets from Uncle Leopold [the late Duke of Albany] which I cannot take off, and left each of the children the bracelets we gave them, and which cannot be slipped off, also N's engagement ring, which he could not take off. They took away our keys from our boxes in the loft, which they had still left us - but promised to return them. Very hot, went early to bed, as I was frightfully tired and had pains in the heart."
9. Klier and Mingay, "Quest for Anastasia", p.45
10.. Newspaper article soon after the remains had been found, posted on the Alexander Palace:

Responsible for the initial discovery of the Romanov remains, Geli Ryabov and Alexander Advonin have no doubt that all of Nicholas II and Alexandra's family perished in the Ipatiev House in Ekaterinburg. Commenting on the possibility that Anastasia may have survived in the guise of Anderson, Ryabov declared, "We have no instances of the Communists ever, anywhere, having mercy on anyone. If people understood that, it would not occur to them that Communists could let a member of the Emperor's family survive. It's simply impossible." Advodin went further, "All the people taken into Ipatiev's House were shot. I think Anna Anderson could be Anastasia, but only if Anastasia had not gone into that house. We know that everyone who went into that house was killed, including Anastasia." He went on to state "There are many Anastasia's and Alexeis out here, now and in the past. Now, I think, two Alexeis are alive. But if Alexei survived, there should be just one. But there are two of them and many more. There were more Anastasias. Anastasias children live here now, says one. She died in the fifties and was buried in Omsk. She was Anastasia Spiridovna. Anna Anderson was another pretender from the United States. Who is the real Anastasia? If Anastasia survived, there should be just one pretender, same with Alexei, So more than one means we here in Russia consider them all false."

1.  Robert K. Massie "The Romanovs: The Final Chapter", pages 178-179 softback:
2.  Peter Kurth, "Riddle of Anna Anderson", 167
3   Massie "Final Chapter" p. 180
4.  Frances Welch, "A Romanov Fantasy",  p.133- 134
5.  Kurth  p.172
6.  ibid., 170
7.  ibid., 166
8.  ibid., 170
9.  ibid., 169
10. Berlin police record
11. Welch p.133
12. Kurth p. 169
13. Klier, John, and Mingay, Helen, "Quest for Anastasia", p. 107.Influence 'from above' stopped her from being charged with fraud, it's never been uncovered whom or why. Some have theorized even one of the royals, who wanted her exposed but not jailed. (This was before the legal case)
Rumored to be even Lenin, who wanted to keep the emigre' community divided over the "Anastasia" issue. Berenberg-Gossler wrote that ""When the Berlin wall fell in 1989 and the east opened up the contents of certain secret archives were made known to historians all over the world," Dr. Von Berenberg-Gossler reports, "proving that Lenin had been extraordinarily interested in dividing the tsarist emigration. This is why Lenin deliberately supported "Miss Unknown" as much as he could, financially and otherwise, after she was pulled from the canal in Berlin in the early 20's. Its been found Lenin had a complete file on the Anastasia case in Moscow. I had already assumed this was the case during the course of the legal procedure I was leading in this matter. I even shared my suppositions with the court; however, I was not in a position to prove them at the time." ("Remembering Anna Anderson Part II" Written by John Godl}
14. Kurth 168
 Harriet Rathlef alleged that Agatha Grabisch, a spy sent to the newspaper office under false pretext of securing American rights to the story, was told there was a political conspiracy involving several big name royals, and that everyone 'knew' Franziska/Anastasia was a communist agent. This all must be considered carefully and with skepticism considering much of Rathlef's other unique information on this case turned out to be bogus.
15. Massie p.177-178
16. Klier and Mingay, p.109

1 Anastasia : The Unmasking of Anna Anderson, "The European Royal History Journal", Issue VI: August 1998., Arturo Beeche, Publisher, Oakland, Ca. pp. 3-8.
http://www.serfes.org/royal/annaanderson.htm
2 Robert K. Massie, "The Romanovs: The Final Chapter", p.175
3  Robert Wilton, "Last Days of the Romanovs," examination of Mr. Gibbes,  p. 59
3a   ibid, p.88,  quoting Col. Kobylinsky
4   A personal letter from Olga Alexandrovna to a friend, Hvidore, Feb. 15, 1928
February, 15th 1928, Hvidore
Dear Miss B***,
Indeed, you understand like us the absurdity of this story! More and more, I see that this story is all about blackmail and money....I say openly that my cousin André must have some vile motives to side against us…
5  Massie, "Final Chapter" 183
6  ^ibid 175
7  ^ibid 168
8  Kurth p.288
9 http://www.whoiswho.ru/russian/Password/papers/5r/den/st1.htm
This site is in Russian, Babelfish online translation of part mentioned:
No of spontaneous of recognition" , i.e., " No. I do not at first glance learn [ee]" , the friend of tsarina said, after seeing impostor. The fact that Anna Anderson by no means not Anastasiy, Lillie's [trezvomyslyashchaya] did not doubt (that also confirmed after death Anderson DNA analysis)
10 Welch 109
11 ^ibid 110
12. Welch p.200
13. Lovell p. 199-201
14. Welch 131
15  Welch 146
16. Welch 202
17  Kurth 202
18. Klier and Mingay 109
19  ^ibid 110
20  Klier and Mingay 135
21. Welch 320
22  Massie 168 
23  Welch 198
24  ^ ibid 218
25. Irene's official signed statement, Gilliard, "La Fausse Anastasie", translated by Tim Welch
26.  Kurth 403
27  Welch 110
28  Buxhoeveden's official signed statement, Gilliard, "La Fausse Anastasie" (Tim Welch)
29 Massie 187-88
30 described at length in Eduard Radzinksy's "The Rasputin File"
31 Massie, "Nicholas and Alexandra", p.8
32 Welch, 141 From a letter written by Felix to Grand Duke Andrew
33 Greece, Christopher, Prince (1938). Memoirs of HRH Prince Christopher of Greece. London: The Right Book Club. p.218
34 Klier and Mingay, 100 From an interview Volkov gave a Russian newspaper soon after his meeting with the claimant
35 Massie 187
36 Mountbatten bio, Phillip Zeigler, p. 679
37 "The Last Grand Duchess",  Ian Vorres p.240
38  Van Der Kiste, John; Coryne Hall, "Once A Grand Duchess: Xenia", Sister of Nicholas II. p.233
39 ^ibid 175
40 Klier and Mingay, p.103
41 ^ibid p.101
42 Welch p.230
43 Welch p.124, a letter from Shura to Rathlef, Fallows collection, Houghton Library
44 ernie accepted irene's denial,Klier and Mingay
45 Massie, "Final Chapter", p.178
46. "my poor Malenkaya", Kurth p.309. She died soon after. Other info about Olga's life compiled from various books, mainly Massie's "Nicholas and Alexandra" and "The Last Grand Duchess."
47 Klier and Mingay, "Quest for Anastasia", page 102
48 Ian Vorres, "The Last Grand Duchess" Biography of Olga Alexandrovna, p.174
49  Vorres, p.175
50 Vorres, p.176 for all three quotes above this number. Though Anderson supporters discount the 'finger' story, and claim Olga's children disagreed with her biographer, in fact Olga's own son Tikhon backed up this very story completely in his book, The Tsar's Nephew.
51. letter to a friend dated Feb 15, 1928
52 Klier and Mingay, p.149
53. Vorres p.179

1  Kurth p.174
2  Kurth 283, Klier and Mingay p.129
3. Kurth 167
5  Klier and Mingay p.129
6  ^ibid p.224
7. Dominique Auclère, "Anastasia Qui Etes-Vous?"
8 ^ibid
9  ^ibid
10 Klier and Mingay, p.224
11 Vorres, "The Last Grand Duchess", p. 240
12. Massie, "The Romanovs: The Final Chapter", p. 295, sources and acknowledgements

Notes for "How did she do it?" Her charade- who, why and how

1. Peter Kurth, "Riddle of Anna Anderson", p.15
2. Kurth p. 152
3. Anastasia : The Unmasking of Anna Anderson, "The European Royal History Journal", Issue VI: August 1998., Arturo Beeche, Publisher, Oakland, Ca. pp. 3-8.
http://www.serfes.org/royal/annaanderson.htm
4. Klier and Mingay, "Quest for Anastasia", p.148, and p.149, from a letter Olga A. wrote to Princess Irene
5. Robert Wilton, "Last Days of the Romanovs,"  1920, p.44
6. Frances Welch, "A Romanov Fantasy: Life at the court of Anna Anderson",  p.102
7. Welch p.107
8. Klier and Mingay, p.97
9. Welch  p107
9a. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/23849928/
http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2006-05-31-indiana-mistaken-identity_x.htm
10. Coryne Hall, Little Mother of Russia, p.342
11. Massie p.19
12. Kurth 74-75
13. "Anastasia, A Woman's Fate as a Mirror of the World Catastrophe"
http://www.serfes.org/royal/annaanderson.htm
14. impresario= someone who takes a leading role in organizing or orchestrating events- Gilliard said this of Rathlef
15. Klier and Mingay p.100
16.-17. Rathlef's involvement in and connections to the Steiner movement are documented by E.P.Wijnants-Research http://web.archive.org/web/20080211172320/http://soc.world-journal.net/PrinceFriedrich.html Wijnants explains the beliefs of Steiner and his followers, and how it connects them to belief in claimants.
Rathlef's connection to the Steinerists is also documented in the book by Frances Welch, "A Romanov Fantasy", p.200,  and more extensively in "The Lost Princess", by James Blair Lovell p.185-187, 199-200
18. ^ibid
19  Welch 274-275

19a. E.P. Wijnants reasearch, http://web.archive.org/web/20080211172320/http://soc.world-journal.net/PrinceFriedrich.html  Retrieved July 31, 2009. 

Antroposophists (including the woman who had an early influence on Prince Friedrich, Eliza von Moltke) at the time might have been more open than others to also believe, a simple person like Franziska could have been Anastasia. During then, WWI Rudolf Steiner took this a step further to a form of ‘world conspiracy’ theory where people like the that time President of the USA Woodrow Wilson were seen as representatives of  “left hand- EntenteFreemasonry” led by England, and conspiring against Germany during WWII to prevent a “Central Europe” from shaping. What Steiner understood under “Central Europe” is more or less identical to that of the German General Staff and General von Moltke (a student of R.Steiner), namely that parts of France and what is now Belgium together with that time Russia should have belonged to (the sphere of influence of) Germany the meaning in this case of the term “Central Europe” as used by Steiner and his followers todate. See for example, Dr.Karl Buchleiter, Das Schicksal der Anthroposphischen Bewegung und die Katstrophe Mitteleuropas, Novalis Verlag,1997. (Signed, E.P.Wijnants). ...on 20 June 1925 Harriet von Rathlef-Keilmann a Russian émigré and follower of Rudolf Steiner (who died that same year on March 30 1925) decided to bring Franziska to her new residence: a hospital called St Mary's. Generally, however, their social life was governed by Harriet's commitment to a Rudolf Steiner movement. The Anthroposophists believed that the Russian Revolution was the manifestation of a major psychic upheaval. They viewed Franziska sympathetically, as a helpless victim of the resulting karma; she made the most of their indulgence. Indeed she now took the jaunty step of adopting two new names: 'Frau Lange' and 'Miss Brown'.

20. Kurth 129
21. Massie 182
22. Welch 131
23. Massie 162
24. Welch, "A Romanov Fantasy", p.151-155
25. Welch p.54 taken from Gleb Botkin's book "The Woman Who Rose Again"
26. Welch 107
27 http://www.serfes.org/royal/annaanderson.htm
28. Botkine & Partners, Family history,  http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=fr&u=http://www.botkine.com/FAMILLE/HISTOIRE/index.php%3Ft1%3DHistoire%26t2%3D%26r%3DTEXTES/gleb.php&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=7&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3D%2522Grandanor%2Bcorporation%2522%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG
29. Clarke, "Lost fortune of the Tsars", p.125
30. Kurth p.226
While this is most often repeated as he would give any gains he got from "Anastasia" or Grandanor to the Red Cross, this is misleading and incorrect. It was actually in discussing her writing her will,  where she left  the bulk of her potential estate to Gleb and Tatiana Botkin, that he said he would give money to the Red Cross in her 'memory' (if she died first and left it to him). However, this does not mean that any monies gained from her and/or Grandanor during her lifetime were given to the Red Cross, and he would be free to keep them. So this, technically, does not absolve Gleb of getting money from her venture, as some supporters claim. Of course, considering he died first and she never got any money, it didn't matter.
31. Ian Vorres, "The Last Grand Duchess", p. 177
32 Vorres 179
33 Welch 141
34 Welch p. 202
When Harriet Rathlef died of a burst appendix, she accused the Grand Duke of Hesse of poisoning her. She also accused him of doing the same to the Duke of Leuchenberg. Later, when her main opponent was Mountbatten, some claim she switched these accusations to him.
35 Klier and Mingay p. 110
36 http://www.serfes.org/royal/rememberingAnnaAndersonii.htm
37 Robert K. Massie, "Nicholas and Alexandra", p. 127
38 (welch 231)
38a.Kurth p.31
39 Welch p.231
40 kurth 167
41 From Massie's "Romanovs: The Final Chapter", page 182, paperback:
42 Massie 169
43 Klier and Mingay 131
44 Welch 110
45 Once a Grand Duchess: Xenia Sister of Nicholas II, p.233
46 From an article, quoted in "The Last Grand Duchess" by Vorres
47 Sophie Buxhoeveden, "Life and Tragedy of Alexandra Feodorovna"
48 Anna Vyrubova, "Memories of the Russian Court"
49 Raegan Baker, "1913 Diary of Olga Nikolaievna"
50 http://www.serfes.org/royal/rememberingAnnaAndersonii.htm
51 ^ibid
52 ^ ibid
53 Victor Alexandrov, "The End of the Romanovs", 1966 (p. 103-4)
54  ibid page 224

1. William Clarke, "Lost Fortune of the Tsars", p.125-126
2. Clarke p.127
3. Klier and Mingay, "Quest for Anastasia", p.111. It is very interesting to note that most Anderson supporters leave out this wording of the "Copenhagen Statement", most likely because it's so honest and sympathetic to their dead loved ones, and Anderson supporters want to villanize them.
4. Massie, "Final Chapter", p. 183, Klier and Mingay p.111-112
5. Klier and Mingay 111
6. Massie 183
7. Frances Welch, "A Romanov Fantasy", p.167-168
8. Klier and Mingay 110
9. Clarke, "Lost Fortune of the Tsars", p.127
10. Clarke, p.126
11. Botkin
12. Guy Richards, "The Hunt for the Czar", p.143
13. Clarke, "Lost Fortune", p.125
14. Anastasia : The Unmasking of Anna Anderson, "The European Royal History Journal", Issue VI: August 1998., Arturo Beeche, Publisher, Oakland, Ca. pp. 3-8.
15. Clarke, p. 125
16. ^ibid 126
17. ^ibid 128
18. ^ibid 129
19. Clarke p.129, Richards p.150
20. Clarke 130
21. Massie, "Final Chapter" p.184
22. ^ibid
23. ^ibid
24. Richards, "Hunt for the Czar", p.49
The Soviets definitely gained the bulk of Nicholas's wealth that hadn't been exported. On the night of Nov. 6, 1917, most of the Imperial jewel collection and about $700 million of the Tsar's gold reserve lay in storage in the Imperial Bank building in Moscow. At 2 AM, a motor truck pulled up to the door. A dozen Red guards, the militia of the Bolsheviks' new military revolutionary committee, climbed down and took up positions behind their commander. He quietly addressed the captain of the guard: "We are taking possession in the name of the people." That was all there was to it. There was no shooting or resistence to defend gold and jewels worth more than a million dollars. The Reds found more gold in the Tsar's Imperial bank and in his mines.

1. Klier and Mingay, "Quest for Anastasia", p. 159
2  Klier and Mingay, p.160-161
3. "The Last Grand Duchess" by Ian Vorres, 2001 edition, ISBN 1552633020, p. 253, Notes to Chapter Nine, Note 1 (4) right column.
4  Personal account posted on the website AlexanderPalace.org
5. http://www.serfes.org/royal/rememberingAnnaAndersonii.htm
6  James Blair Lovell, "Lost Princess", p.254
7. Gilliard, "La Fausse Anastasie"
8. Klier and Mingay, p.159
9. Marius Turda and Paul Weindling, "Blood and Homeland", p. 26-29, 33-36, 44, 47-48
10 Gretchen Schafft, "From Racism to Genocide: Anthropology of the Third Reich" p.124
11 Kühl, Stefan. 1994. The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism, and German National Socialism. New York, NY: Oxford University Press;* Tucker 1994, p. 69, 94
12.  http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Racial-theories
Otto Reche (1879-1966), who became an important figure within the plan to "remove" those populations considered "inferior" in eastern Germany.The Racial Policy of Nazi Germany refers to the policies and laws implemented by Nazi Germany, asserting the superiority of the so-called Aryan race and based on a specific racist doctrine which claimed scientific legitimity. ...  Nazi eugenics pertains to Nazi Germanys nazism and race social policies that placed the improvement of the race through eugenics at the centre of their concerns and targeted those humans they identified as Life Unworthy of Life, including but not limited to: criminal, degenerate, dissident, feeble-minded, homosexual, idle...  Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933-1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator.
13.MariusTurda and Paul Weindling, "Blood and Homeland", p.23-27
14.Lovell p.254
15 Klier and Mingay, p.160
16.^ibid.
17. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/listseason/22.html#2209
Anastasia: Dead or Alive?
Shortly after midnight on 17 July 19l8, at a house in the town of Ekaterinburg in the Ural mountains, Bolshevik guards awakened the deposed Tsar Nicholas II together with his family and forced them into the basement, where they were shot and clubbed to death. NOVA follows forensic tests of skeletons discovered in Ekaterinburg in 1979 that are alleged to be the remains of the Russian royals, and explores the intriguing claim that Anna Anderson of Charlottesville, Virginia, was really the long lost Anastasia
Original broadcast date: 10/10/95
Topic: biography, medicine/forensic, technology/crime
18. Klier and Mingay, p.161
19. http://www.kalagate.co.uk/staffgeoff.htm

1. Robert Wilton, "Last Days of the Romanovs", pages 30, 90, 288-289, 296
2 Gilliard, La Fausse Anastasia
3 Massie, "The Romanovs: The Final Chapter", p.169
4. B. Himmelstjerna, "Im Angesicht der Revolution", 1922, the publisher is Steeler, verified by a friend in Germany who owns a copy
5. Ernie's diary (von Hessen und bei Rhein, Ernst Ludwig, Grossherzog (1916). Ernst Ludwig, Grossherzog von Hessen und bei Rhein - Tagebuch,. Homburg: Hessiche Hausstiftung.)
6. Wilton, Last Days of the Romanovs p.30, Clarke, Lost Fortune of the Tsars, p.77-78
7  Klier and Mingay  p.34-35
8  Diary of Alexandra Feodorovna
July 4. A new Commandant [Yurovski]. All the inner sentries are gone. (Probably one has discovered that they have taken all our things out of the loft) - the Commandant and his young assistant made us show all our jewels we had on and the younger one noted all down and then they were taken from us. Why? For how long? Where?-I do not know-they left me only two bracelets from Uncle Leopold [the late Duke of Albany] which I cannot take off, and left each of the children the bracelets we gave them, and which cannot be slipped off, also N's engagement ring, which he could not take off. They took away our keys from our boxes in the loft, which they had still left us - but promised to return them. Very hot, went early to bed, as I was frightfully tired and had pains in the heart.
July 5. The Commandant came with our jewels, sealed them up in our presence and left them on our table. He will come every day to see that we have not opened the parcel. At 10-30 A.M.-Workmen have appeared outside and put iron bars in front of our open windows. They certainly always fear we shall climb out or get into touch with the guard!

9. Mark D. Steinberg and Vladimir M.Khrustalev"The Fall of the Romanovs" Page 359 (quoting Yurovsky)
10. ^ibid. p.361
11. Andrei Maylumas and Sergei Mironenko, "Nicholas and Alexandra: A Lifelong Passion", page 639
12. Steinberg and Khrustalev, p.361 362
12a. Alexandra's diary, see #8 above
12b. Clarke, Lost Fortune of the Tsars, p.76
12c. ^ibid; p.100
12d.http://www.alexanderpalace.org/palace/YurovskyNoteEnglish.html
http://www.alexanderpalace.org/palace/yurovmurder.html
13. Robert Wilton, "Last Days of the Romanovs", 1920, p.344-345
13a. Clarke, "Lost Fortune", p.77-78
14.  "Last Days of the Romanovs". p.344
15. Wilton, "Last Days of the Romanovs",  p.125, examination of Col. Kobylinski
"They (Anna Romanova and Anna Utkina) remained in Tobolsk and did not go to Ekaterinburg."
As for the other alleged 'jewel squealer', Alexandrine Nicholevna, said to be a maid of Countess Hendrikova, this name appears nowhere but in the accusations of the one book. I have found no record of her existence anywhere else. The name Victorine Nicholevna, listed as a 'ward' (minor orphan charge) of Hendrikova, shows up on the initial list of those who came to Tobolsk with the family, but no 'Alexandrine' or 'maid'. Neither name, Alexandrine nor Victorine Nicholevna, appears on Kobylinski's list of those who traveled onto Ekaterinburg. So, whether or not she was even real, or renamed, there is no way she could have done or said anything on the Rus, or been interrogated or 'broke down under pressure' in Ekaterinburg as described in one book because she wasn't there. The entire 'rat out over the jewels' story is not true and evidence proves it.
16. Robert K. Massie, "Nicholas and Alexandra"p.464-467 old hardback, 489-491 new softback
17  Sokolov report, pages 126-131
18.  http://www.alexanderpalace.org/palace/Isa.html
19. http://alexanderpalace.org/leftbehind/XV.html
http://alexanderpalace.org/leftbehind/XVI.html
20 http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/20417240/
 21http://www.upi.com/news/issueoftheday/2008/05/01/Romanov-mystery-finally-solved/UPI-19691209678305/
22 Klier and Mingay, 160-161
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/listseason/22.html#2209
Anastasia Dead or Alive?
Shortly after midnight on 17 July 19l8, at a house in the town of Ekaterinburg in the Ural mountains, Bolshevik guards awakened the deposed Tsar Nicholas II together with his family and forced them into the basement, where they were shot and clubbed to death. NOVA follows forensic tests of skeletons discovered in Ekaterinburg in 1979 that are alleged to be the remains of the Russian royals, and explores the intriguing claim that Anna Anderson of Charlottesville, Virginia, was really the long lost Anastasia
Original broadcast date: 10/10/95
23 http://anomalyinfo.com/articles/sa00021b.php?page=MYST
24 Ian Vorres, "The Last Grand Duchess", pp. 244-245, statements of Sir Thomas Preston, British Consulate in Ekaterinburg at the time
25.  From Documents revealed in "Last Act of a Tragedy", by V. V. Alexeev
Mr. Ritzler, member of Count Mirbach's mission showed Sokolov the following documents from the German Govt. files:
1. From the German Mission in Moscow to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, on July 19, 1918:
"Must we repeat our most catagorical official protests on the subject of the safe-guarding of the Empress, as she is a German Princess? To extend these protests as to the Tsarevich would probably be dangerous as the monarchists would be inclined to bring them to the forefront."
2. From the German Mission in Moscow to the  Minister of Foreign Affairs, July 20, 1916:
Yesterday, I told Radeck and Vorovski the the whole world would most severely judge the execution of the Tsar and the Imperial Ambassador wants them to be on guard most catagorically against any such attempt they might continue to commit. Vorovski replied that the Tsar had been shot, by Czechoslovakians who were not under this control. Radek expressed the opinion personally that if we showed some particular interest in the women in the Imperial Family of German blood, we should perhaps give them free passage to leave Russia. Perhaps they might suceed in delivering the Empress and Tsarevich as compensation in the question of the batallion, in the name of humanity." (the Germans wanted a batallion to enter Moscow, the Bolsheviks refused, this was an attempt at bargaining with them.)
3. Mininster of Foreign Affairs to the German Charge d'Affairs in Moscow, July 20:
"Agreed to the protests in favor of the Imperial Family. Busche"
4. German Mission to Moscow to Minister of Foreign Affairs, July 23:
"I have taken all necessary steps in favor of the Tsarina and Princesses of German Blood, by insisting about the impression created in public opinion by the murder of the Tsar.  Tchicherin listened to these protests in silence. Ritzler"
(Don't forget, the Bolsheviks already KNEW the whole family was dead by this point.)
26  Felix Yussoupov, "Lost Splendor", Chapter XXVII
27 "Last Act of a Tragedy", p. 233
Minister of Justice Starynkevich's letter to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Executive about the data of the preliminary investigation inot the assassination of Nicholas II and his family. February 19, 1919:

"In July as the Czechoslovak detachments moved toward Ekaterinburg the local Bolshevik authorities announced the execution of the former sovereign and all his family.  From that time, two versions on the tsar's family's disappearance from Ekaterinburg started to circulate.  According to one of the versions, all the tsar's family was killed; according to another, they were carred away to Verkoturye or Perm.

28 memoirs of Medvedev Dec. 1963, source "Last Act of a Tragedy" pg 144
29 http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/192803/walsh Edmund Walsh, "Last Days of the Romanovs" (NOT the same as the book of the same name) Published in The Atlantic magazine, March1928
30 Lifelong Passion, p.639 memoirs of Ryabov
31 Klier and Mingay  p.37
32 New York Times archive
33 Massie, Nicholas and Alexandra, p.128 old hardcover (will be off a few pages in new revised edition, but still there)
33a. Lili Dehn, "The Real Tsaritsa", chapter XVI
34  Klier and Mingay  p.35
35. Kurth p.107
36  Massie, Final Chapter, p.249

1.http://www.peterkurth.com/ANNA-ANASTASIA%20NOTES%20ON%20FRANZISKA%20SCHANZKOWSKA.htm There is no official record of Franziska's height. The only thing supporters go on in claiming she was taller than Anna Anderson is the foreman where she used to work who said she was about 'so high' holding up his hand, and this quote for Doris Wingender in 1965, more than 40 years since she'd last seen her, that 'she's a little taller than we were' (meaning Wingender and her sister, who were both 5'3". So there is nothing more than 'guesstimates'.
2.Psychology: Modules of the Mind (college textbook) p. 295
3. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/dna/photos/eye/text_06.html
Witness For the Defense: The Accused, the Eyewitness, and the Expert Who Puts Memory On Trial
by Dr. Elizabeth Loftus and Katherine Ketcham
St. Martin's Press, 1991
4. Klier and Mingay, p.157. He only guessed because he thought it was so extreme it 'must' have been present at birth. Anderson supporters go only on the word of Dr. Rudnev, who claimed her condition was congenital and rare. But investigating the subject turns up no such evidence.
5. Massie, Nicholas and Alexandra, p.126 (old hardback- will be different page in newer softback)
6. Klier and Mingay, p.88.
7. Massie, Nicholas and Alexandra, p.127 hardback
8. Welch  p.141
9. Welch p.231
10.. Berenberg-Gossler: "My impression of her at the time, judging by her mannerisms, usage of language, etc, was she resembled a house maid, but not at all of royal blood, she had an unattractive peasant like face and reminded me of a charwoman (menial cleaning lady)."
http://www.serfes.org/royal/rememberingAnnaAndersonii.htm
11. Doctor of my someone knew personally, proven by an exam. A baby lost in at least the fourth month leaves the same umbilical cord scar on the inside of the uterus as a full term baby. The doctor told her she'd had five children, but actually she'd had four and one late miscarriage. So it is very possible Anderson had a late miscarriage or even abortion and no baby was ever born. Either way, there is no record of FS's baby and no record to back up any of the tales AA invented concerning a baby.
12. Kurth p.30
13. Klier and Mingay, p.136
14 Massie, Final Chapter, p.169
15. ^ibid  p.170

1. Vorres, "The Last Grand Duchess", p.174
2. Sophie Buxhoeveden, 'Life and Tragedy of Alexandra' CHAPTER II
"English was, of course, her natural language. She spoke and wrote it to her brother and sisters, and later to her husband and children and to all those she knew well."
"Alexandra wasn't popular in Russia and she became even less popular during war, because she was German born. People accused her of collaboration with Germany, while they forgot that Alix was more English than German (with her children and husband she spoke English never German)."
Lili Dehn's memoirs also state that Alexandra spoke Russian with a strong English accent. additionally: Steinberg and Krustalev, "Fall of the Romanovs", page 28., Nicholas and Alexandra, several pages

3. Anna Vyrubova, "Memories of the Russian Court," Chapter VI
"the languages used in the family were English and Russian, and the children never became interested in any other languages. "Trina"(Schneider) was supposed to teach them German but she had less success with that language than M. Gilliard with French. The Emperor and Empress spoke English almost exclusively, and so did the Empress's brother, the Grand Duke of Hesse and his family. Among themselves the children usually spoke Russian. The Tsarevich alone, thanks to his constant association with M. Gilliard, mastered the French language.
4. Buxhoeveden, "Life and Tragedy of Alexandra" Chapter XVI
"They always spoke Russian among themselves and to the Emperor, English to their mother, and French to M. Gilliard. The elder girls had a smattering of German, but spoke it with difficulty; the younger ones and the Tsarevich did not know it at all."

Willy-Nicky letters were in English: http://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php/Introduction:_Willy-Nicky_Letters_between_the_Kaiser_and_the_Czar
5. Pierre Gilliard, "Thirteen Years at the Russian Court"
"Her Majesty talked English with the children, to the Tsar (the children spoke) Russian only. The Tsarina spoke English or French with the members of her suite. She never spoke in Russian (though she spoke it pretty well ultimately) except to those who knew no other language. During the whole period of my residence with the Imperial family I never heard one of them utter a word of German, except when it was inevitable, as at receptions, etc.
Colonel Kobylinski, in charge of the family at Tobolsk, told that he never heard Alexandra use a German word "Last Days of the Romanovs", Robert Wilton, p.133. Alexandra did of course speak fluent German, and it is true she gave Tatiana a German lesson in captivity. Alexandra also criticized the Russian attempts at German propaganda for their 'abominable' German structure and grammer.(Steinberg and Krustalev, Fall of the Romanovs, p.28) Nicholas was said to have been able to 'manage' in German (Massie, Nicholas and Alexandra) but it was not as precise as his Russian, English or French. The issue is not whether Alexandra knew it, but whether she used it commonly in everyday family life, and evidence shows she did not- therefore the children were not exposed to it on any regular basis and they were English, Russian and French. German was not well known or used by the children, especially not the younger ones, including Anastasia.
Though Anderson supporters try to claim there is a report of Alexandra speaking German to the girls in captivity, it was most likely a case of one of the Russian guards not knowing the difference between English and German, and assuming German since Alexandra was supposed to be a German spy according to the rumors spread before and during the revolution As Lili Dehn explained in her memoirs,
The Real Tsaritsa witten by Lili Dehn - Part One - Old Russia - Chapter VI:
"The pro-German tendencies of the Empress were mentioned after our reverse at Brest, when the Emperor assumed command. Everyone was suspicious of her, and, when she spoke English at the hospitals to her daughters and her ladies-in-waiting, the soldiers declared she was speaking German, and this report once started was magnified exceedingly."
Also, as Massie recorded in "Nicholas and Alexandra", p. 299 (old hardcover) when WWI broke out, some French people were badly treated on a streetcar in Moscow because the Russians riding with them did not know the difference between French and German. Anti-German Russians who knew little to nothing of other languages often made this error.
6. Frances Welch, "A Romanov Fantasy", p.246
7. From Kurth's book, source was a statement by a Margharita Derfelden,  to Fallows on May 15, 1929. She had been a visitor at the Leeds home. As Lovell points out in his back notes, most of Kurth's information on AA's stay at Oyster Bay and acceptance by Xenia Leeds is based on the memories of Leeds' daughter Nancy, who was only three years old at the time.
8. Massie, "The Romanovs: The Final Chapter" p.169
9. From Sophie Buxhoeveden's official statement, published in Pierre Gilliard's "La Fausse Anastasie", English translation by Tim Welsh
10. Vorres p.174
11. Vorres p.240
12. Welch p.231
13. Massie p.187
14. Originally posted by Howey on his Fork Union site, which is now down, his story is preseved here: http://www.anusha.com/forkunio.htm
15. PBS NOVA: Anastasia - Dead or Alive? 1995
16. Massie p.187
17. Vorres p.240
18. Massie, "Nicholas and Alexandra", p. 133 (newer version, will be a few pages back in the old copies)
"The same gift of ear and tongue that made her quickest to pick up a perfect accent in foreign languages equipped her admirably as a mimic."

1. Frances Welch, "A Romanov Fantasy: Life at the court of AA", p. 253
2. Klier and Mingay, "Quest for Anastasia", p.141
3. Welch, p.282
4. Welch, 279
5. Jack & Anna: Remembering the czar of Charlottesville eccentrics By WILLIAM O. TUCKER JR.
Published July 5, 2007 in issue 0627 of the Hook
http://www.readthehook.com/stories/2007/07/05/COVER-jackManahan-I.rtf.aspx
6. Kurth p.387
7. Kurth p.389
8. http://www.serfes.org/printerVersion2.asp?URL=/royal/rememberingAnnaAnderson.htm
9. "Hook" article, same link and info as #5 above
10. ^ibid.
11. Massie, "Romanovs: Final Chapter" p.249

Note: I am currently working on sourcing and parenthetical referencing the site. What is not shown as of yet will be added in the near future.

No one is ever going to call me 'fact free' again!